Don’t mention the Poor

If there is one childhood memory that stands out from all the others, it is this from my teenage years: I had just got a new (very dishy) boyfriend who’s father was Indian, mother Caucasian Brit. I myself was white middle-class, living in a very white middle class UK Home County (just to set the scene, you may have guessed what’s coming..). People who had been friends for years and never expressed an opinion on the subject before, began to call me abusive names and came up with all sorts of opinions about why ‘these people’ were OK but each should stick to his/her ‘own’. That didn’t hurt me per se, but racism is something I have never been able to stomach in any form (to put it extremely mildly), and now I saw a whole new side of people that I had previously been completely oblivious to, which devastated & shocked me to the core.

Why mention this now? Well I feel like I have this week had a very similar experience, but this time the ‘boyfriend’ was my introducing into conversation the idea that one might want to think twice before spending money with a company who were known to support oppressive labour regimes in their supply chains. At first it was laughed off and I was told I was ‘funny’ & ‘unique’, but when, with one eyebrow raised, I questioned why it was funny, those in the group started to shift uncomfortably, I was told I was entitled to my own opinion, and when I offered to show documentation to support what I had suggested, I was told very forthrightly – “No thanks!“

Well! Why do these concepts evoke such a powerful response? I am particularly interested in this group of people because they do not live selfish lives and very often go out of their way to help those around them both financially and with their time. They are intelligent, have religious backgrounds and profess to care about welfare and the poor. They are also not short of money themselves. I still live in a white, middle class UK (albeit different) Home County.

Firstly, there is the “No thanks!”, fingers in ears, ‘la-la-la’, I don’t want to know what is going on, because if I don’t know, I’m not doing anything wrong. There is a fundamental underlying thought pattern that says: ‘What I do doesn’t hurt anybody else. What I do in my own life is my business.‘ This is a concept known as ‘privatisation’, and is utterly flawed. We live in society, and society is more interconnected now than it ever has been. Every action has a consequence. In this instance, the decision to ignore the facts laid down in front of you and continue to do business with companies who deliberately turn a blind eye to

• the Worst Forms of Child Labour,
• to health and safety hazzards which are life threatening and maiming,
• to labour conditions and pay which force whole communities to live in abject squalor, without adequate housing and well, well below the bread line,
• and even to ‘bonded labour’ (in other words slavery),

supports these companies and ensures that these appalling living (and sometimes dying) conditions perpetuate. In our society there is a malaise which is the complete failure to think things through. As a society in general, we must start to recognise the responsibility we have for our actions.

Then there is the complete lack of comprehension of the power of consumption. ‘I am only spending 75p on this Tshirt. What possible difference can that make to anybody?’ That Tshirt would not be up for sale if it did not make a difference. That retailer is making a profit out of it, hard as it may seem to believe. And that profit is at the expense of a good many people involved in the supply chain. You too, are profiting from their labours, and in so doing condeming them to the conditions outlined above, if you think it through. Your consumer power is the most powerful weapon you have to combat these evils, and you can use it on a daily basis. Your money is the loudest voice these retailers hear, and at the moment all they hear is ‘the public want their Tshirts cheap, and lots of them. And they dont care how they get them.’ They are not hearing – we are holding you accountable for what happens in your supply chains. In short – People Matter!

I would also like to see an examination of the view that: ‘I have a right to cheap clothing* {*insert here any other product of dubious origins which is freely available on the market}. Do we? Yes, I have four children to clothe; and yes they trash and grow out of their clothing at a rate of knots; and yes I resent spending my hard-earned cash on these things that don’t last and are not appreciated; and yes, I do not have a lot of disposable income after the mortgage and bills are paid. But I have a mortgage, I have access to all the utilities, I have a disposable income for goodness sake! I’m rich! What right do I have to demand that someone else should lay down their life to supply me with items which, when compared, are luxuries. They are items that will never be afforded in these communities in Bangladesh, or Western Africa, or vast vast swaithes of communities across the globe. Why do I have the right, at the expense of others basic rights, and in some cases Human Rights?

Phew! I am aware that what I have written this evening is very emotive, but I hope it is also provoking. I have heard it said that we are a generation who are very well schooled but completley uneducated. Socrates said: the unexamined life is not worth living. Let us continue to examine, adjust, learn, and avoid at all costs getting our ears full of sand!

International Cocoa Initiative – chocolate watchdog?

We had an interesting question from Kimi yesterday, which I felt would be good to explore as a post in its own right, especially given the amount of traffic ResponsAble is getting specifically interested in the chocolate issue:

I would love to hear your opinions on the International Cocoa Initiative (ICI). The chocolate industries have been criticized for their delayed work in the fight against child labor…. Further, they continue their trade practices (”unfair” trade) as usual. Yet, they have pledged to end child labor…. What are their motives? Are they sincere?

I am very confused…

The International Cocoa Initiative (ICI) is the body that was set up to respond to the Harkin/Engel Protocol, which promised to end the Worst Forms of Child Labour (ILO Convention 182) ‘ to include all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery (the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage and serfdom, forced or compulsory labour including recruitment for use in armed conflict); the use or offering of a child for prostitution and/or pornography, illicit activities including the production and trafficking of drugs; as well as work which when performed is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of the child.‘

Their website states:

‘Created in 2002 under Swiss law in Geneva, ICI is a product of active co-operation between the global chocolate industry, concerned politicians, members of the labour movement and key civil society actors engaged in the fight against child labour. The foundation was staffed in the summer of 2003, and set about the research necessary to carry out its mandate.

Our mission is : “to oversee and sustain efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labour and forced labour in the growing and processing of cocoa beans and their derivative products” ‘

They have worked mainly in Ghana, building awareness of what trafficking and WFCL is amongst the cocoa growing communities, helping a small proportion of children from cocoa growing families into schools and teaching farmers how to get more productivity from their crops. It sounds commendable until you consider that their remit was to end child exploitation on cocoa farms by 2005. They have singularly failed to do so.

A new report on the Ghana COCOBOD website shows that dangerous forms of child labour are still widespread even in that country, which is relatively advanced in this area by comparison to some of its neighbours. Although that report claims that trafficking is not major problem in Ghana, it does admit that there are significant numbers of children who are working on cocoa farms in debt bondage and far from their families – by UN definitions this is trafficking.

In Ivory Coast (where Stop the Traffik’s chocolate campaign is focused), almost nothing seems to have been achieved, which given that this is the country which produces more than 40% of the world’s cocoa, is not really a good record to date.

The problem is that although the ICI approach sounds good, it does not seem able to effect long term change. The main issue is that it assumes that the responsibility lies with the farming community, whereas, in fact, all the power is with the chocolate industry: the cocoa exporters and with the chocolate companies. In Ivory Coast alone there are 600,000 small cocoa farms and only 10 main exporters. Despite the fact that the Ivorian govenrments tax & investment policies are at best unhelpful, the real power remains with the cocoa exporters.

So, are the ICI sincere? A cynic would see business responding to consumer pressure in a way that appears commendable but moves the onus as far from them (and towards the farmers) as reasonably possible. Or maybe that is unfair and they are simply taking longer to ramp up than they at first envisaged. I feel we need to let them know we are watching and are expecting them to take responsibility.